CNC programming: Optimization in aerospace parts production

CNC (Computer Numerical Control) programming is a crucial process for modern industry, and especially relevant in sectors such as aviation, where precision and efficiency are paramount. At Indaero, where we manufacture parts, covers and labels for the aviation industry, CNC programming allows us to translate digital designs into precise instructions for our machines, ensuring high quality products that meet the required standards.

What is CNC programming and its importance in the aeronautical industry?

CNC programming converts CAD models into commands that machines can execute, eliminating human error and optimizing resources. In the case of aviation, where complex, millimeter-precision parts are required, CNC programming ensures efficient and standardized production, allowing manufacturers such as Indaero to offer high-strength, high-precision components.

Benefits of CNC programming in aeronautical parts manufacturing

Compared with traditional machining methods, CNC programming offers significant advantages:

• Extreme accuracy: CNC machines can execute tasks with an accuracy that would be unachievable manually, critical in the manufacture of aircraft parts.
• Repeatability: Programming allows the creation of identical series of parts, an essential feature to ensure that all units meet standards.
• Flexibility and speed in design changes: If a design needs adjustments, CNC programming allows parameters to be modified in the system, making it easy to adapt to new specifications without complications.

Types of CNC programming applied to aeronautical parts

To get the most out of CNC machines, there are different types of programming:

Manual programming

This is the most traditional approach, where commands are entered directly into the machine's console. This method is useful for producing simple parts or small quantities, although at Indaero we prefer automated methods to achieve greater accuracy and efficiency.

Computer Aided Programming

We use CAD/CAM software that allows us to automatically generate the code needed to manufacture each part. This type of programming reduces errors and allows cutting paths to be optimized, especially important in the machining of highly complex aviation components.

Conversational programming

This method is ideal for operators who need to modify parameters without advanced knowledge of CNC code. However, since we at Indaero work with high-precision aircraft parts, we generally resort to assisted programming to ensure the necessary quality and accuracy.

CNC programming in the machining of lathes and milling machines for the aviation industry

CNC programming is applied to both lathes and milling machines, adapting to the specific needs of each type of machine and the parts to be manufactured.
   

• CNC programming for lathes: Ideal for the creation of cylindrical components, such as shafts and supports, common in the structure of aeronautical parts. It allows the configuration of rotation speeds and specific settings to ensure efficient and uniform machining.
• CNC programming for milling machines: Used for complex parts with non-cylindrical geometries, such as certain housings and protective covers. Thanks to the precise control of the milling machine's movements, high-quality finishes and complex shapes can be obtained.

Tools and software for CNC programming in the aerospace industry

The use of specialized software is essential in CNC programming. At Indaero, we take advantage of advanced CAD/CAM tools, which allow us to generate accurate three-dimensional models and then convert them into CNC commands that our machines interpret.
CAD/CAM software: design and manufacturing integration
CAD/CAM software tools combine design and manufacturing in a single process, allowing us to maintain complete control from design conception to production. In the aviation industry, this integration ensures that specifications remain accurate throughout the process.

• CAD capabilities: Enable our engineers to create detailed 2D and 3D models, simulating part operation to detect possible adjustments prior to production.
• CAM functions: Translate the models into paths that the tools will follow, optimizing cutting times and minimizing tool wear.

Among the software we highlight are Fusion 360, SolidWorks CAM and Mastercam, which facilitate the programming of both simple and complex parts, allowing us to tackle varied projects with maximum precision.

Selection of cutting tools in CNC programming

The right choice of cutting tools is fundamental. At Indaero, we use:

• Milling cutters for milling various surfaces and shapes, guaranteeing high quality finishes.
• Drill bits for drilling operations, essential in the creation of holes with specific measurements.
• Turning tools, adapted for rotating parts, allowing fine cuts in resistant materials.

CNC programming codes: G and M for machine control

CNC programming uses G and M codes that control every movement and action of the machine. These commands are essential to obtain the precision results needed at each stage of the manufacturing process.

• G codes: These are machining instructions that define specific motions. For example, G00 is used for fast positioning, while G01 allows precise linear movements. These codes are basic in cutting parts with specific shapes.

M codes: Control auxiliary functions, such as spindle activation (M03 and M04 for rotation) or tool change (M06), speeding up the process without compromising quality.

CNC instruction creation process in the manufacture of aeronautical parts

Indaero's CNC instruction creation workflow is based on several stages, each designed to ensure that the final parts meet the quality standards of the aeronautical industry.

1. CAD Design: We create detailed 3D models to define the exact specifications and dimensions of each part.
2. Export to CAM: Using CAM software, we configure the necessary parameters and select the right tools for each operation.
3. Toolpath definition: We optimize toolpaths to reduce machining times and ensure tool durability.
4. CNC code generation: The CAM software converts the design into CNC code, which we then load into our machines to start the manufacturing process.

Applications and examples of CNC programming in the manufacture of aircraft components

CNC programming is especially useful for manufacturing both simple and complex parts in aviation. At Indaero, we also produce aircraft protective covers and aircraft identification tags.

Practical applications of CNC programming in aviation.

• Rapid prototyping: allows us to create prototypes of parts quickly, which facilitates the validation of designs prior to series production.
• Serial production: CNC programming ensures consistency and precision, key in manufacturing large batches of aeronautical parts.
• Customization: We tailor each part to our customers' specifications, using CNC to provide custom solutions.

Future of CNC programming in the aerospace industry.

CNC programming will continue to evolve, driven by technological advances. Some of the trends we consider important are:

• Artificial intelligence: AI is expected to further optimize CNC programming, reducing errors and increasing efficiency.
• Additive manufacturing: The combination of CNC and 3D printing will allow the creation of more complex and lighter parts, increasing options in design and functionality.
• Sustainability: The aerospace industry is looking to reduce its environmental impact, and CNC programming can help minimize the use of materials and energy in the manufacturing process.

At INDAERO, we are committed to using advanced CNC technologies to deliver innovative, precise and sustainable solutions to our customers in the aviation industry.